Standard UAS Classifications - Inland SAR

Classification System (ASTM)

This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3262; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last re-approval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or re-approval.

Table of Contents

1. Scope

2. Reference Documents

3. Terminology

See Definitions Page

4. Significance and Use

Item # - Description
4.1 This standard may be used to classify sUAS resources utilized for land search and rescue.
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4.2 Classification of sUAS land search and rescue resources is based upon the complete sUAS including payload, communications systems.
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4.2.1 This classification identifies the mechanical features of the sUAS platform and does not account for the pilot’s/operator’s skill in performing specific tasks.
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4.3 UAS land search and rescue resources are classified by Category, Kind, and Type.
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4.4 A sUAS land search and rescue resource may be more than one Category.
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4.5 A sUAS land search and rescue resource may be more than one Kind.
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4.6 A particular Kind of sUAS land search and rescue resource can only be one Type for a given Category or Kind.
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5. UAS Resource Category

Category identifies the specific task for which a sUAS search resource is capable of performing, as follows:

5.1 Type

Item No. Type - Description
5.1.1 Search Providing functions and/or support in an effort to locate an object and/or person(s).
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5.1.2 Rescue Providing functions and/or support in an effort to save an object or person(s) from a distressed or life-threatening situation.
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5.1.3 Overhead / Overwatch Providing functions and/or support to aid Incident Management or Incident Command. An example would be to provide information for the intent of improving or maintaining situational awareness.
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5.1.4 Communication Providing functions and/or support to aid in the transfer of information/data between one or more parties.
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6. UAS Search Resource Kind

6.1 - Kind

Item # - Description
6.1 - Kind further defines a sUAS search resource’s capabilities in regard to a particular Category.
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.1 Not all sUAS search resource Categories are differentiated by Kind.
Item No. Capability - Description
6.2.1.1 Real-Time Video - Capable of delivering real-time video data real-time in one or more regions of the electromagnetic spectrum (may include, for example, infrared, visible, or ultra-violet).
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6.2.1.2 Real-Time Stills - Capable of delivering real-time photographic data real-time in one or more regions of the electromagnetic spectrum (may include, for example, infrared, visible, or ultra-violet).
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6.2.1.3 Delayed Video - Capable of delivering recorded video data in one or more regions of the electromagnetic spectrum (may include, for example, infrared, visible, or ultra-violet)
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6.2.1.4 Delayed Stills - Capable of delivering recorded photographic data in one or more regions of the electromagnetic spectrum (may include, for example, infrared, visible, or ultra-violet).
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6.2.2 - Radio Frequency Search

Item # - Description
6.2.2.1 - Cellular devices.
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6.2.2.2 - 802.11 (WiFi) network devices Wifi.
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6.2.2.3 - Family Radio Service devices.
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6.2.2.4 - Avalanche beacon.
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6.2.2.5 - ELT/EPIRB/PLB frequency of 121.5 MHz.
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6.3 Attraction / Containment

Item # Description
6.3.1 - Payload designed to attract missing subject and guide them to a specific point or to indicate that searchers are in the area.

6.4 Overhead / Overwatch

Item # - Description
6.4.1 - Situational Awareness
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6.4.2 - Remote sensing utilizing one or more sensors or emitters. For example, LIDAR may be used to identify natural or man-made geographical (topographical) features.
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6.4.3 - Aerial Imaging for GIS—Records photographic data for viewing after aircraft recovery; includes support and software for the creation of geographically rectified orthophoto mosaics.
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6.4.4 - Team tracking
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6.5 Rescue

6.5.1 Payload Delivery

Item # - Description
6.5.1.1 - Precision Delivery - Delivers a payload to specific location.
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6.5.1.1 Fly-by Delivery - Delivers a payload to a location in a non-specific manner.
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6.6 Communications

Item # - Description
6.6.1 Radio relay.
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6.6.2 Network extender.
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6.6.3 Provides one-way visual communication to the subject.
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6.6.4 Provides two-way visual communication between the subject and land search and rescue personnel.
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6.6.5 Provides one-way audio communication to the subject.
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6.6.6 Provides two-way audio communication between the subject and land search and rescue personnel.
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6.6.7 Provides some other form of communication between the subject and land search and rescue personnel.
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7. Type

7.1 Type

Type indicates the characteristics used to define the capabilities of a land search and rescue UAS. The types are as follows:

Item # Description
7.1.1 VTOL less than 30 min of flight time with full payload for category and kind
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7.1.2 VTOL more than 30 min of flight time with full payload for category and kind.
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7.1.3 STOL less than 45 min of flight time with full payload for category and kind.
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7.1.4 STOL more than 45 min of flight time with full payload for category and kind.
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7.1.5 CTOL more than 2 h of flight time with full payload for category and kind
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7.1.6 Tethered, moored, or captive balloon.
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